Jonitas

Glucosamine sulfate potassium chloride, 1,500 mg

Glucosamine sulfate is the substrate for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis in articular cartilage. The sulfate 2KCl form is the chemistry used in the original Reginster-Pavelka trials that established the modest-but-real symptom-modifying signal in long-term joint trials.

Research: Cochrane meta-analysis of 25 randomised trials (n=4,963): glucosamine sulfate at 1,500 mg/day showed superiority over placebo on pain and function endpoints in knee osteoarthritis trials of 8+ weeks duration. The 2KCl-specific subgroup carried the strongest signal.

Reference: Towheed TE et al., Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2009 · PMID 15846645

• Cartilage substrate supply
• Joint comfort

Chondroitin sulfate sodium

Chondroitin sulfate is a structural glycosaminoglycan component of articular cartilage. The 1,200 mg daily dose matches the protocol used in the Hochberg MOVES trial, the largest head-to-head trial of chondroitin + glucosamine against prescription celecoxib.

Research: MOVES trial (n=606): chondroitin 1,200 mg + glucosamine 1,500 mg daily was non-inferior to celecoxib 200 mg/day for pain, function and joint swelling at 6 months in knee osteoarthritis. Effect sizes were modest but consistent.

Reference: Hochberg MC et al., Ann Rheum Dis, 2016 · PMID 26528989

• Cartilage matrix support
• Comfort

Methylsulfonylmethane, 99% purity

MSM provides bioavailable organic sulfur — a substrate for cysteine, glutathione, and connective-tissue protein synthesis. The 1,000 mg daily dose is the floor at which symptom-modifying data exists; doses up to 6,000 mg/day are well-tolerated in published trials.

Research: Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial (n=50): MSM 3 g twice daily was associated with measurable WOMAC pain and physical-function improvements over 12 weeks in knee osteoarthritis. Good safety profile across the dose range.

Reference: Kim LS et al., Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2006 · PMID 16242464

• Connective-tissue sulfur
• Recovery support

Boswellia serrata gum resin extract, standardised 30% AKBA

Boswellia serrata standardised to acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) modulates the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inflammatory pathway — a mechanism distinct from cyclooxygenase-targeting NSAIDs. Used in Ayurvedic Rasayana tradition for centuries and validated in modern double-blind trials.

Research: Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial (n=75): Boswellia 5-Loxin (30% AKBA) at 100 mg or 250 mg/day was associated with measurable WOMAC pain, stiffness and physical-function improvements within 7 days — and continued through 90 days — in knee osteoarthritis.

Reference: Sengupta K et al., Arthritis Res Ther, 2008 · PMID 18667054

• 5-LOX pathway
• Comfort, fast-acting

Undenatured type II collagen from chicken sternum

Undenatured Type II collagen at the low 40 mg daily dose works through oral tolerance — small amounts of intact Type II collagen in the gut signal joint-tissue immune regulation. The mechanism is distinct from substrate-supply ingredients and is complementary, not duplicative.

Research: Randomised double-blind comparator trial (n=52): UC-II at 40 mg/day was associated with WOMAC pain and physical-function improvements superior to glucosamine 1,500 mg + chondroitin 1,200 mg in knee osteoarthritis at 90 days.

Reference: Crowley DC et al., Int J Med Sci, 2009 · PMID 19550210

• Oral tolerance pathway
• Immune-mediated comfort

Sodium hyaluronate, low-molecular-weight

Hyaluronic acid is a major viscoelastic component of synovial fluid that cushions joint surfaces. Low-molecular-weight oral hyaluronic acid is absorbed across the gut barrier and accumulates in joint tissues over weeks of supplementation.

Research: Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial (n=60): oral hyaluronic acid 200 mg/day for 12 months was associated with measurable knee-pain VAS reductions in adults aged 40+ with chronic knee pain. Good safety profile.

Reference: Tashiro T et al., Sci World J, 2012 · PMID 23298502

• Synovial-fluid support
• Joint hydration